Sure — here’s a detailed summary of K. Kamaraj’s (Kumaraswami Kamaraj) history and contributions Entry into Freedom Movement Political Career

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  Sure — here’s a detailed summary of K. Kamaraj’s (Kumaraswami Kamaraj) history and contributions:

Early Life 

  • Full Name: Kumaraswami Kamaraj

  • Born: July 15, 1903, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu

  • Died: October 2, 1975, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

  • Parents: Kumaraswamy Nadar (father) and Sivakami Ammal (mother)

  • Education: Left school at age 11 due to his father’s death; worked in his uncle’s cloth shop but was drawn to India’s freedom movement.

Entry into Freedom Movement

  • Inspired by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi.

  • Joined the Indian National Congress (INC) at a young age.

  • Participated in major movements:

    • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)

    • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)

    • Quit India Movement (1942)

  • Imprisoned several times by the British for his nationalist activities.

  • Earned the title “Karma Veerar” (Hero of Work) for his dedication.

Political Career

Chief Minister of Madras State (1954–1963)

Kamaraj became Chief Minister of Madras (now Tamil Nadu) in 1954 and served for nine years.

Major Achievements:

  1. Education Revolution:

    • Introduced Free and Compulsory Education up to the age of 14.

    • Started the Midday Meal Scheme (school lunch program) to increase school attendance — a model later adopted across India.

    • Opened thousands of new schools, especially in rural areas.
      → Slogan: “Every village should have a school.”

  2. Industrial Development:

    • Established new industries such as Neyveli Lignite Corporation, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Trichy, and others.

    • Improved power, transport, and irrigation infrastructure.

  3. Agricultural Development:

    • Built several dams and irrigation projects.

    • Encouraged farmers with improved seeds and better irrigation facilities.

  4. Social Reforms:

    • Promoted equality and reduced caste discrimination.

    • Simplified administration and focused on rural welfare.

Kamaraj Plan (1963)

  • Voluntarily resigned as Chief Minister to focus on strengthening the Congress Party.

  • Suggested that senior Congress leaders should quit government positions and work to rejuvenate the party organization — this became known as the Kamaraj Plan.

  • This plan earned him immense respect across India.

National Role

  • Became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1964.

  • Played a key role in choosing Lal Bahadur Shastri and later Indira Gandhi as Prime Ministers after Nehru’s death.

  • Known for his political wisdom — often called the “Kingmaker” of Indian politics.

Death and Legacy

  • Died on October 2, 1975, coincidentally on Gandhi Jayanti.

  • Awarded Bharat Ratna (Posthumously) in 1976.

  • Remembered as “Kalvi Thanthai” (Father of Education) in Tamil Nadu.

Famous Traits

  • Lived a simple life — no personal wealth, no property.

  • Known for honesty, humility, and dedication to public service.

Key Titles

  • Karma Veerar Kamaraj – for his tireless work

  • Kalvi Thanthai – for revolutionizing education in Tamil Nadu

  • Kingmaker of India – for his influence in national politics



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